PSYC W1001 serves as a prerequisite for further psychology courses and should be completed by the sophomore year.

PSYC W1001x or y The Science of Psychology 3 pts. Enrollment may be limited. Attendance at the first two class periods is mandatory. Broad survey of psychological science including: sensation and perception; learning, memory, intelligence, language, and cognition; emotions and motivation; development, personality, health and illness, and social behavior. Discusses relations between the brain, behavior, and experience. Emphasizes science as a process of discovering both new ideas and new empirical results. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W1010x or y Mind, Brain and Behavior 3 pts. Introduction to the biological approach to the experimental study of behavior. Includes consideration of the types of biological data relevant to psychology, as well as the assumptions and logic permitting the interpretation of biological data in psychological terms. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W1420y Experimental Psychology: Human Behavior 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, and a statistics course (PSYC W1610 or the equivalent), or the instructor's permission. Corequisites: PSYC W1421 Attendance at the first class is mandatory. Fee: $70. Introduction to the techniques of research employed in the study of human behavior. Students gain experience in the conduct of research, including design of simple experiments, observation and measurement techniques, and the analysis of behavioral data. Lab Required.

PSYC W1421y Experimental Psychology: Human Behavior (Lab) Corequisites: PSYC W1420 Required lab section for PSYC W1420. Enrollment limited in each section.

PSYC W1450x Experimental Psychology: Social Cognition and Emotion 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, and a statistics course (PSYC W1610 or the equivalent), or the instructor's permission. Fee: $70. Corequisites: PSYC W1451. Attendance at the first class is essential. Majors have priority. An introduction to research methods employed in the study of human social cognition and emotion. Students gain experience in the design and conduct of research, including ethical issues, observation and measurement techniques, interpretation of data, and preparation of written and oral reports. Lab Required.

PSYC W1451x Experimental Psychology: Social Cognition and Emotion (Lab) Corequisites: PSYC W1450 Required Lab for PSYCW1450. Limited enrollment in each section.

PSYC W1610x or y Introductory Statistics for Behavioral Scientists 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010 Corequisites: PSYC W1611 Lecture and lab. Fee $70. Recommended preparation: one course in behavioral science and knowledge of high school algebra. Majors have priority. Introduction to statistics that concentrates on problems from the behavioral sciences. Lab Required.

PSYC W1611x or y Introductory Statistics for Behavioral Scientists (Lab) Corequisites: PSYC W1610 Enrollment limited in each session. Required lab section for PSYC W1610.

PSYC W2220x Cognition: Memory and Stress 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. Attendance at the first class is mandatory. Memory, attention, and stress in human cognition. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2225x Attention and Perception 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. Introduction to the theories and mechanisms of attentional selection in perceptual processes. Topics include classical theories of selective attention, modern neurocognitive models, clinical impairments of attention, and the relationship between attention and time. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2250y Evolution of Cognition 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. A systematic review of different forms of cognition as viewed in the context of the theory of evolution. Specific topics include the application of the theory of evolution to behavior, associative learning, biological constraints on learning, methods for studying the cognitive abilities of animals, levels of representation, ecological influences on cognition, and evidence of consciousness in animals. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2280y Introduction to Developmental Psychology 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the equivalent. Enrollment may be limited. Attendance at the first two classes is mandatory. Introduction to the scientific study of human development, with an emphasis on psychobiological processes underlying perceptual, cognitive, and emotional development. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2440x Language and the Brain 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. Introduction to psychological research on human language and communication and to brain mechanisms supporting language processing. Topics include comprehension and production of speech sounds, words and sentences; reading and writing; bilingualism; communication behavior.

PSYC W2450y Behavioral Neuroscience 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. Examines the principles governing neuronal activity, the role of neurotransmitter systems in memory and motivational processes, the presumed brain dysfunctions that give rise to schizophrenia and depression, and philosophical issues regarding the relationship between brain activity and subjective experience. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2460x Drugs and Behavior 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the equivalent. The effects of psychoactive drugs on the brain and behavior. Science Requirement: Partial Fulfillment.

PSYC W2480y The Developing Brain 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010, or the instructor's permission. Brain development across the life span, with emphasis on fetal and postnatal periods. How the environment shapes brain development and hence adult patterns of behavior.

PSYC W2620x Abnormal Behavior 3 pts. Prerequisites: an introductory psychology course. Examines definitions, theories, and treatments of abnormal behavior.

PSYC W2630x Social Psychology 3 pts. Surveys important methods, findings, and theories in the study of social influences on behavior. Emphasizes different perspectives on the relation between individuals and society.

PSYC W2640y Introduction to Social Cognition 3 pts. Prerequisites: an introductory course in psychology or instructor's permission. An introduction to basic concepts in social cognition. Topics include attribution theory (how we explain our own and other's behavior), social categories and schema (social perception and stereotyping), the social self (the development and maintenance of a self-concept), attention and consciousness, person memory, affect and cognition, and social inference, among others.

PSYC W2650y Introduction to Cultural Psychology 3 pts. Prerequisites: none; some basic knowledge of social psychology is desirable. A comprehensive examination of how culture and diversity shape psychological processes. The class will explore psychological and political underpinnings of culture and diversity, emphasizing social psychological approaches. Topics include culture and social cognition, group and identity formation, psychology of multiculturalism, stereotyping, predjudice, and gender. Applications to real-world phenomena discussed.

PSYC W2680x Social and Personality Development 3 pts. Prerequisites: an introductory psychology course. Exploration of social, emotional, and moral development in children and adolescents, and consideration of the interactive influence of biology, culture, and social context on development. Particular attention to cultural context and current research, as well as interdisciplinary insights.

PSYC W3250y Seminar in Space Perception (Seminar) 3 pts. Some background in psychology and/or neurophysiology is desirable (e.g., PSYC W1001, PSYC W1010, PSYC W1480, PSYC W2230; BIOL C3004 or BIOL C3005). Other backgrounds may also be appropriate; contact instructor for permission to register. Space perception and spatial orientation in a three-dimensional physical world will be examined from a viewpoint that integrates neurophysiological and behavioral research. Experiments involve perceptual phenomena and measurement, and electrical and/or mechanical recording in normal and unusual environments (e.g., human centrifuge, zero-g).

PSYC W3255y Modern Classics in Visual Perception, Visual Science and Visual Neuroscience (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: Some background in perceptual or sensory processes or neurophysiology or physical sciences/math/computer science; contact instructor for permission to register. Reading and discussion of classic articles from the past 60 years providing a foundation for the rapidly expanding fields of visual perception, visual science, and visual neuroscience and their connections with computer modeling (with a sprinkling from research on audition); primary source articles will be accompanied by secondary source and brief lecture material to introduce each topic.

PSYC W3270x Computational Approaches to Human Vision (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: some background in psychology and/or neurophysiology (e.g., PSYC W1001, PSYC W1010, PSYC W2230, PSYC W2450; BIOL W3004 or BIOL W3005) is desirable. See instructor if you have questions about your background. Some background in mathematics and computer science (e.g., calculus or linear algebra, a programming language) is highly recommended. Study of human vision--both behavioral and physiological data--within a framework of computational and mathematical descriptions. [Please contact Prof. Graham by e-mail (nvg@psych.columbia.edu) if you are interested in this course].

PSYC W3290y Self: A Cognitive Exploration (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or W1010 (or the equivalent), plus the instructor's permission. What does it mean to have a sense of self? Is it uniquely human? Taking a cognitive perspective, we will discuss these questions as well as self-reflective and self-monitoring abilities, brain structures relevant to self-processing, and disorders of self. We will also consider the self from evolutionary, developmental, neuroscience, and psychopathological perspectives.

PSYC W3450x or y Evolution of Intelligence and Consciousness (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 or PSYC W1010 and the instructor's permission. A systematic review of the implications of Darwin's theory of evolution and Freud's theory of the unconscious for contemporary studies of animal and human cognition.

PSYC W3615y Children at Risk (Lecture) 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1010, PSYC W2280, PSYC W2620, or PSYC W2680, and the instructor's permission. Considers contemporary risk factors in children's lives. The immediate and enduring biological and behavioral impact of risk factors.

PSYC W3625y Clinical Neuropsychology (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: an introductory course in Neuroscience, like PSYC W1010 or PSYC W2450, and the instructor's permission. Analysis of the assessment of physical and psychiatric diseases impacting the central nervous system, with emphasis on the relationship between neuropathology and cognitive and behavioral deficits.

PSYC W3630x Seminar in Social Cognition (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: Two psychology courses and the instructor's permission. The scientific study of how people make sense of others and themselves. Topics include social judgment, attitudes (conscious and unconscious), self-concepts, and the multiple and reciprocal relationships among cognition, emotion, and motivation.

PSYC W3680x Social Cognitive Neuroscience (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: At least two of the following courses: PSYC W1001, W1010, W2630, W3410, W3480, W3485; and instructor's permission. An introduction to the emerging interdisciplinary field of social cognitive neuroscience, which examines topics traditionally of interest to social psychologists (including control and automaticity, emotion regulation, person perception, social cooperation) using methods traditionally employed by cognitive neuroscientists (functional neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment).

PSYC W3690x The Self in Social Context (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: Instructor's permission and PSYC W1001 or W1010, or the equivalent. This course centers on understanding the self embedded in the social context. We will integrate knowledge from various areas of psychology (developmental, cognitive, social cognition) with a main focus in social psychology. This course will provide the opportunity to gain an understanding of research in the following areas: the development of self in a social context, the relationship between the self and the broader socio-cultural context, the impact of self-involvement on social/cognitive processes, and contemporary research on individual differences.

PSYC W3910x and y Honors Seminar 1 pt. Prerequisites: open only to students in the honors program. Yearlong course. Students receive credit only after both terms have been completed. May be repeated for additional credit. Discussion of a variety of topics in psychology, with particular emphasis on recent developments and methodological problems. Students propose and discuss special research topics.

PSYC W3920x and y Honors Research 1-4 pts. Prerequisites: open only to students in the honors program. Except by special permission of the director of undergraduate studies, no more than 4 points of individual research may be taken in any one term. This includes both PSYC W3950 and PSYC W3920. No more than 12 points of PSYC W3920 may be applied toward the honors program in psychology. May be repeated for additional credit. Special research topics arranged with instructors of the department leading toward a senior honors paper.

PSYC W3950x or y Supervised Individual Research 1-4 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission. Except by special permission of the director of undergraduate studies, no more than 4 points of individual research may be taken in any one term. This includes both PSYC W3950 and PSYC W3920. No more than 8 points of PSYC W3950 may be applied toward the psychology major, and no more than 4 points toward the concentration. May be repeated for credit. Readings, special laboratory projects, reports, and special seminars on contemporary issues in psychological research and theory.

PSYC G4222y The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: courses in introductory psychology, cognitive psychology, and the instructor's permission. Comprehensive overview of various conceptual and methodologic approaches to studying the cognitive neuroscience of aging. The course will emphasize the importance of combining information from cognitive experimental designs, epidemiologic studies, neuroimaging, and clinical neuropsychological approaches to understand individual differences in both healthy and pathological aging.

PSYC G4225x or y Consciousness and Attention (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission; some basic knowledge of cognitive science and neuroanatomy is desirable, but not necessary. Discussion of current issues in the scientific studies of consciousness, including the search for the neural correlates of visual awareness, volition, and the various kinds of impairments of consciousness and attention as described in clinical cases. Specific topics may vary from year to year. May be repeated for credit.

PSYC G4230y Sensation and Perception (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission; some background in perception is required. Topics on the perception of space. Discussions, reviews, and recent literature.

PSYC G4235x Special Topics in Vision (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: instructor's permission. May be repeated for additional credit. [Please contact Prof. Graham by e-mail (nvg@psych.columbia.edu) if you are interested in this course].

PSYC G4255y Modern Classics in Visual Perception, Visual Science and Visual Neuroscience (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: some background in perceptual or sensory processes or neurophysiology or physical sciences/math/computer science; contact instructor for permission to register. Reading and discussion of classic articles from the past 60 years providing a foundation for the rapidly expanding fields of visual perception, visual science, and visual neuroscience and their connections with computer modeling (with a sprinkling from research on audition); primary source articles will be accompanied by secondary source and brief lecture material to introduce each topic.

PSYC G4270y Cognitive Processes (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: for undergraduates: one course in cognitive psychology or cognitive neuroscience, or the equivalent, and the instructor's permission. Metacognition and control processes in human cognition. Basic issues include the cognitive mechanisms that enable people to monitor what they know and predict what they will know, the errors and biases involved in self-monitoring, and the implications of metacognitive ability for people's self-determined learning, behavior, and their understanding of self.

PSYC G4275x Contemporary Topics in Language and Communication (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W2240 or the equivalent, or the instructor's permission. Intensive examination from a social-psychological perspective of selected topics relevant to current theory and research on the use of language and other communication behaviors. May be repeated for additional credit.

PSYC W4285y Multidisciplinary Approaches to Human Decision Making (Seminar) 1-3 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1490 or PSYC W2235, and the instructor's permission. Discussion of selected topics and issues in human decision making. May be repeated for additional credit.

PSYC G4430x Learning and the Brain (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: courses in introductory psychology and/or neuroscience, and the instructor's permission. What are the neural mechanisms that support learning, memory, and choices? We will review current theories in the cognitive neuroscience of human learning, discuss how learning and decision making interact, and consider the strengths and weaknesses of two influential methods in the study of human brain and behavior--functional imaging and patient studies.

PSYC G4440x or y Topics in Neurobiology and Behavior (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission. Examines current topics in neurobiology and behavior.

PSYC G4450x or y The Evolution of Intelligence & Consciousness (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: instructor's permission. A systematic review of the implications of Darwin's theory of evolution, Freud's theory of the unconscious, and Skinner & Chomsky's theories of language for contemporary studies of animal and human cognition.

PSYC G4460x Cognitive Neuroscience and the Media (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: a neuroscience course, such as PSYC 1010, and the instructor's permission This seminar will discuss recent topics in cognitive neuroscience, and how research in this field is impacting public opinion. We will engage in a critical review of how the media represents research on the brain, with a focus on current issues and controversies related to the use of neuroimaging in the study of brain and behavior in humans.

PSYC G4470y Psychology & Neuropsychology of Language (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: The instructor's permission (a course in the psychology of language or linguistics highly recommended). This seminar surveys current theories of language production. We will examine psycholinguitsic and neuroimaging studies of word and sentence production conducted with monolingual and bilingual speakers, and individuals with acquired language impairments.

PSYC G4475x Neurobiology of Social Behavior (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: At least two other psychology courses and the instructor's permission. Seminar on recent advances in the neurobiological basis of social behaviors, interactions, relationships and structure. Primary focus will be research conducted in non-human mammalian species, particularly laboratory rodents and primates, but studies of other vertebrates as well as invertebrates will be included. This broad approach will provide an evolutionary perspective on social neuroscience as well as important insights into the applicability of translating animal research to studies of human social neuroscience.

PSYC G4485x or y Affective Neuroscience (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: PSYC W1001 plus W1010 or 2450 or equivalent, plus permission of the instructor. This seminar explores the neural systems and behaviors that underlie human, and sometimes animal, emotions. Question will include: why we have emotions, what is their survival value, why do we find funny jokes rewarding, and why we envy, feel guilt or joyfully embrace love. We will review some of the latest literature on these topics and discuss implications for understanding human behavior. We will finally discuss disorders such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and psychopathy that are associated with disruptions to the neural systems that regulate healthy emotion.

PSYC G4615x or y The Psychology of Culture and Diversity (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission; some basic knowledge of social psychology is desirable. A comprehensive examination of how culture and diversity shape psychological processes. The class will explore psychological and political underpinnings of culture and diversity, emphasizing social psychological approaches. Topics include culture and self, cuture and social cognition, group and identity formation, science of diversity, stereotyping, prejudice, and gender. Applications to real-world phenomena discussed.

PSYC G4630y Advanced Seminar in Current Personality Theory and Research (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: instructor's permission. Open to psychology graduate students and advanced undergraduate psychology majors with the instructor's permission. Critical review and analysis of basic and enduring issues in personality theory, assessment, and research.

PSYC G4635x The Unconscious Mind (Seminar) 4 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission; some basic knowledge of social psychology is desirable. Discussion of the unconscious mind from the perspective of social cognition, with an emphasis on both theoretical and empirical background, as well as current issues in measuring automatic processing. Topics include: implicit memory systems; unconscious attitudes, goals and behavior, emotions, and decision making; the activation and deactivation of knowledge systems; and priming.

PSYC G4670x Theories in Social and Personality Psychology (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: the instructor's permission. Comparison of major theoretical perspectives on social behavior. The nature of theory construction and theory testing in psychology generally. Exercises comparing the predictions of different theories for the same study are designed to acquire an appreciation of how to operationalize theories and an understanding of the various features of a good theory.

PSYC G4685x Social Cognitive Neuroscience (Seminar) 3 pts. Prerequisites: for graduate students, course equivalents of at least two of the following courses:PSYC W1001, W1010, W2630, W3410, W3480, and W3485; and/or the instructor's permission. An introduction to the emerging interdisciplinary field of social cognitive neuroscience, which examines topics traditionally of interest to social psychologists (including control and automaticity, emotion regulation, person perception, social cooperation) using methods traditionally employed by cognitive neuroscientists (functional neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment).