ARCH A4229. Studies In Tectonic Culture. 3 pts. An examination of the emergence of the tectonic idea in the evolution of modern architecture and the role played by structure and construction in the development of modern form; the autonomy of architecture from the standpoint of a poetics of construction as this has made itself manifest over the past 150 years.

ARCH A4303. Critical Positions In Contemporary Architecture. 3 pts. Seminar analyzing the relationship between theory and practice in contemporary architecture and exploring the problems of critical discourse within the context of postmodern culture.

ARCH A4304. Introduction To Housing. 3 pts. A fundamental understanding of housing in its social and economic aspects. Emphasis on the nature of the housing problem, the dynamics of the housing market, the history and current status of government attempts at intervention in the market, and housing's place in resolving the major public issues of poverty, segregation, and urban growth and decay. Theory and analytic method are stressed.

ARCH A4330. Urban History, I.. 3 pts. Urban morphology and city life in Western cities from antiquity through the capital cities of mid-18th-century Europe, showing connecting trends in architecture and urban form; the discourse on cities, civic culture and civic ritual; public and private space; the role of the architect and urban planner; cultural and formal complexity; and adaptation to change.

ARCH A4331. Urban History, II.. 3 pts. Continuation of A4330; examination of patterns in Western cities from 1850 to 1950.

ARCH A4336. Architectural Culture 1943-1968. 3 pts. Seminar examining the post-WW II period from the standpoint of architecture's relationship to broader social, political, and cultural developments

ARCH A4337. Politics of Space: Cities, Institutions, and Space. 3 pts.

Seminar explores the relations between space, power, and politics in the urban environment from the Enlightenment period to the present. General theoretical introduction (Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault), the urban environment (institutions, public/private dichotomies, urban monuments, events) and the relation between space and power in actual situations. From 18th-century case studies (prisons, asylums, clinics) to contemporary situations of spectacle and consumption (Disneyland and Los Angeles).

ARCH A4341. American Architecture From 1876-1960. 3 pts. Guiding ideals in American architecture from the centennial to around 1960. The evolution of modernism in America is contrasted with European developments and related to local variants.

ARCH A4345. Comparative Housing Problems and Policies. 3 pts. Exploration of alternative theories of how and why housing policy is formed and with what results, tested against the experiences of a number of different countries. Focus on current housing problems and policies in Western and Eastern Europe. Historical evolution and political, social, and economic context of the housing policies examined and contrasted with policies in the U.S.

ARCH A4348-4349. History of Architecture, I and II. 3 pts. Developments in architectural history during the modern period. Emphasis on moments of significant change in architecture (theoretical, economic, technological, and institutional) Themes include positive versus arbitrary beauty, enlightenment urban planning, historicism, structural rationalism, the housing reform movement, iron and glass technology, changes generated by developments external or internal to architecture itself and transformations in Western architecture.

ARCH A4366. Historical Evolution of Housing In New York City. 3 pts. A historical survey of the design of housing in New York City including some reference to the interrelationship with other cities in the United States and Western Europe, especially after 1850. The architecture of housing of income groups and modes of development, and underlying cultural, social, and political context. Evolution of types: early high-rise apartment, the tenement, the garden apartment, the urban and suburban single-family house, and the tower-in-the-park.

ARCH A4374. Contemporary Theory and Criticism of Architecture. 3 pts. Seminar on issues in architecture theory and criticism that have emerged in the past two decades. Topics include semiology, postmodernism, rationalism, typology, and Marxist cultural theory.

ARCH A4395. Modern Architecture and Critical Form: 1935-1985. 3 pts. Introduction to the late modern tradition of critical theory and practice. Concentration on European works and movements that can be seen as resisting the current tendency to reduce architecture to little more than scenography. The post-avant-gardist line in the modern movement from Aalto's organic architecture approach of the mid-thirties to the more critical aspects of current architectural practice.

ARCH A4410. Design Attitudes In European and American Urbanism: 1750-1930. 3 pts. Topical history of architectural approaches to urban form-making. Emphasis placed on developments in the United States in relation to Europe and on the formation of design vocabulary in relation to political and cultural issues.

ARCH A4421. Avant-Garde and Tradition In 20th-Century Architecture. 3 pts. The avant-garde ( Russian Constructivists, the Italian Futurists) and a more traditional continuation of certain aspects of Western humanist architecture, (Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn). Both tendencies are conventionally read as being modernist, while in fact the differences prove as significant as the similarities. Modern architecture seen as continually self-critical and non-monolithic development.

ARCH A4498. Theorizing Modernity: 1900-1940. 3 pts. Primary architectural texts associated with the formation and evolution of Modern Architecture. Focus on a dominant lineage of modernism from Austria to Germany to France, represented and culminating in the multi-national organization CIAM. Among the texts read are Otto Wagner's Modern Architecture, Adolf Loos's Spoken Into the Void, Paul Scheerbart's Glass Architecture, Le Corbusier's The Decorative Arts of Today, City of Tomorrow, Precisions, and The Athens Charter.

ARCH A4507. Urban Economic Development. 3 pts. Prerequisites:PLAN A4151 or instructor's permission. Examination of the political economy of urban economic development in large, mature, American cities, including the history of urban economic development, alternative theories and analytic techniques, the role of federal and local public policies, and prospects for the economic future of older cities in an increasingly interdependent world economy.

ARCH A4546. Theories of Urban Economic and Spatial Development. 3 pts. An examination of the major theories and the relevant evidence. A major focus is on the new spatial division of labor and on the place of different types of cities in global and regional economic systems. Issues discussed include changes in the economic bases of cities in the United States and in the Third World countries, changes in the linkages within urban systems, regional growth models, the migration of capital and labor, and uneven development.

ARCH A6001. Theory of Urban Planning. 3 pts. Lectures and discussions on the history and role of planning as a profession, history and planning theory, urban theory, and professional ethics.

ARCH A6550. Urban Labor Markets. 3 pts. Examination of the theories of the labor market, their policy implications, and the evidence. A major focus is on current developments in large cities, including the growth of immigrant labor markets, informalization, and new forms of regulating labor market attachment. Examination of evidence both for the United States and Third World cities.

ARCH A6769. History of the American City. 3 pts. The process of continuity and change in American cities from the colonial period through the 20th century, covering industrialization, political conflict, reform movements, geographical and ethnic diversity, bureaucratic rationalism, and urban culture-with a focus on how physical form responded to or influenced social and political forces over time.

ARCH A6785. Modernism In America. 3 pts. The distinctive intellectual, cultural, and formal climate of modernism in the American setting-covering architecture, design, and urbanism, as well as seminal texts, exhibitions, and public reaction.

ARCH A8904. Doctoral Colloquium, I: Seminar On Theory. 3 pts. Subjects a well defined body of theory to scrutiny and assessment. Examples: The Warburg School of Aesthetic Theory (E. Cassirer, E. Panofsky, E. Gombrich, R. Wittkower, etc.); Phenomenological Theory in relation to architecture dealing with the theoretical work (E. Mach, M. Merleau-Ponty, G. Bachelard, C. Norberg-Schulz, A. Perez-Gomez); tracing the impact of the evolution of Post-Structuralist/Deconstructionist Theory on architecture (P. de Mann, J. Derrida, M. Wigley, P. Eisenman).

ARCH A8905. Doctoral Colloquium, II: Epistemic Analysis. 3 pts. The projection and realization of urban development in the Netherlands from 1900 to 1945. Comparative critical analysis of the extant scholarly studies dealing with the period in question. The interrelation between ideological, socio-economic, and technological factors on the one hand, and architecture and urban development on the other.

ARCH A8906. Doctoral Colloquium, III: Discourse Analysis. 3 pts. The evolution of architectural discourse particularly as it has emerged during the late 19th or 20th century through the publication of critical/polemical magazines or other documents. Emphasis on primary texts. Addresses the intrinsic substance of the discourse, the interweaving and interrelationship of themes, sources, the nature of the debate, the respective values involved, and establishes the significance of the material under consideration in relation to the changing context in which it emerged.

ARCH A8907. Doctoral Colloquium, IV: Research Colloquium: Architecture and Planning. Colloquium consists of group discussion of supervised independent research topics given under the joint auspices of the Architecture and Urban Planning sections