HIST W3240y. East Central Europe in the 20th Century. 3 pts.

Despite--or because of--the adjective "east," East Central Europe was at the center of major historical developments in Europe in the twentieth century. From the two world wars to the communist period, the East Central European region was the site of key events that marked the history of the world. And, once again, it has recently been at the center of attention because of the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia and the expansion of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to include several East Central European states. This course examines these and other topics in twentieth century East Central European history, and it emphasizes economic and political approaches alongside cultural and social ones. It also includes considerable treatment of the roles of Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States of America in the region.

HIST W3246y. Patterns of Soviet/Russian Interventions: from Poland to Georgia, 1939-2008. 3 pts.

The lecture course will analyze the patterns of Soviet interventions from the invasion of Poland at the onset of the Second World War in September, 1939 to the recent military conflict between Russia and Georgia in 2008. These interventions were of different character in every case: the mildest version of Soviet crisis managing strategy was threatening the use of force in Poland in 1956; it was possible to restore order by sending Soviet tanks to East Berlinin 1953; the Red Army had no difficulty in defeating the freedom fighters in Hungary during the Hungarian revolution, while tiny Finland could eventually be defeated only in a large scale traditional war during the winter of 1939-1940.

Soviet policy goals were achieved by most interventions: the one notable exception being Moscow's "Vietnam": the invasion of Afghanistan. During the crises emerging in the Soviet bloc a gradual improvement can be seen in Moscow's crisis managing strategy: in Berlin, 1953 the Soviet army alone was used to restore order, in Hugnary in 1956 initially the Kremlin tried to pacify the situation by using a combination of military and politcal means, during the Prague Spring a half year long bilateral and multilateral coordination process aimed at finding a political solution preceded the military intervention, while in Poland in 1981 the final option eventually could be avoided by the introduction of Marshal Law. During the course, two special cases of Soviet intervention will also be analyzed: the subtle process of the Sovietization in East Central Europe between 1944-1948 and the Soviet bloc's involvement in the Vietnam War.

HIST G8063x. Captivity. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

A thematic graduate colloquium that examines the phenomenon of captivity in Western history, from the Biblical Near East to the present day and across Europe and the Mediterranean, Africa, and the Americas. Students will read primary sources ("captivity narratives" and others) alongside secondary scholarship, and produce either an essay based on original research or another suitable final project.

HIST G8233x. Between Europe and Asia: History and Cultures of Nomadic Civilizations. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

"A nomadic society does not have a history of its own," wrote the well-known historian Arnold Toynbee. This course seeks to challenge this statement by employing new perspectives in examining the economic, political, cultural, and environmental history of the nomadic steppe populations of Eurasia, which main body lies within the borders of the former Soviet Union. Extended to the east into Mongolia and Northern China and to the west to the Carpathian Mountain range in Central Europe, the Steppe region has played a major role in Eurasian history, although its importance is often overlooked. By connecting east with west via trade routes (the Silk and Tea Roads), it facilitated travel of goods, cultures and ideas between their populations through its inhabitants, the nomadic peoples, who were the main mediators in bringing many innovations to both sides. The course is open to both graduate and undergraduate students.

HSLW G8264x. A History of International Law. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This seminar offers an introduction to the history of international law. Topics include the intellectual foundations of modern international law; slavery and the slave trade; the laws of war; international institutions; the profession and literature of international law; the human rights revolution; and twentieth-century critiques of international law.

HIST G8350y. American Big Business and German Industry, 1900-2000. 4 pts.

There is a great deal of research and debate on the role that the United States played in the reconstruction and recasting of Europe after Wolrd War II. This work is usually seen in the larger context not only of the East-West conflict since 1945, if not since 1917, but also as part of the process of the "Americanization" of the world. By the end of the 20th century this process is deemed to have been replaced by a trend toward "globalization" which is assumed to have started before 1914 until it was interrupted by two world wars, integral nationalism, the Great Depression of the 1930s, the struggles over decolonization and seemingly endless civil wars. It was only in the 1990s that "globalization" is said to have resumed whre it stopped in 1914. Against the background of these wide-ranging scholarly debates that also revolved around notions of "modernization" of both economies and societies, that this course "homes in" on the development of German industry and its relationship with American big business before coming back, at the end of the semester, to the big questions that have been raised at the beginning.

HIST G8409x. 20th Century Political History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Seminar teaches writing serious research papers in various areas of 20th-century American history, based on primary sources.

HIST G8412x. Comparative Slavery and Abolition. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course provides an intensive investigation in to the foundational works in the comparative history of slavery and abolition. The subject is the diverse purposes to which the practice of slavery has been put, and the various conceptual strategies that scholars have employed to make sense of them. The colloquium will place particular emphasis on social, economic, institutional, and political history, and will give special attention to the rise and fall of slave systems in the Mediterranean, Africa, and the Americas.

CLHS G8420y. The Hermeneutic Tradition. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

A conceptual and historical study of what it is to read historically, with a focus on the hermeneutic tradition. Authors include Erasmus, Spinoza, Schleiermacher, Droysen, Dilthey, Heidegger, R.G. Collingwood, Gadamer, Habermas, Hayden White, and Paul Ricoeur.

HIST G8901y. Imperialism. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Taught jointly by historians of the ancient and contemporary world, this colloquium aims to stimulate students wanting to work with an historical perspective to examine cross-culturally the roots, the modalities, the effects and the rhetoric of imperialism across the ages. Classes will consider a variety of theoretical approaches and a series of case studies.

HIST G8910y. Introduction to History and Historiography.

This course is designed to introduce all first-year graduate students in History to major books and problems of the discipline. It aims to familiarize them with historical writings on periods and places outside their own prospective specialities.

HIST G8920y. Disease, Public Health and Empire: Comparative Perspectives. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The aim of this graduate level colloquium is to provide a broad introduction to disease, public health, and medicine in colonial and post-colonial countries, with an emphasis on comparative history.

HIST G8930x. Approaches to International and Global History. 4 pts.

How do international and global perspectives shape and conceptualization, research, and writing of history? Topics include approaches to comparative history and transnational processes, the relationship of local, regional, national, and global scales of analysis, and the problem of periodization when considered on a world scale.

HIST G8931y. Research Theories and Methods in International and Global History. 4 pts.

HIST G8933x. Telling the Twentieth Century. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

A transnational exploration of the history of the twentieth century, addressing commonalities, connections, and comparisons among different parts of the world toward the end of telling the twentieth century as a whole.

HIST G8935y. Nations and Nationalism in Global Perspective. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This seminar provides a broad overview of theoretical literature on nationalism and case studies of nationalist movements in modern Europe and Asia. Beginning with the classic overviews written during the 1980s (Gellner, Anderson), we move on to read a wide variety of books written over the past decade on the relationship between nationality and selfhood, citizenship, religion, empire, gender, and historical consciousness. Requirements include two short written critiques of the weekly readings, an oral presentation on a week's reading, and a long bibliographic essay on a subject of the student's choice.

HIST G8940y. Population Movements, Minorities, and Genocide. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9345x. International Politics and the League of Nations. 4 pts.

This course is a research seminar designed for graduate students working on some aspect of European or international politics between the wars. The course will pay particular attention to the interaction between states, mobilized interests or "peoples," and new international organizations (especially the League of Nations), and will introduce all students to the rich records of the League and other international organizations and foundations available at Columbia. We will read a set of important framing works on the interwar period together, but students will supplement those readings with further works relevant to their own research interests. Each student will write and present a research paper on a subject of their choosing.

HIST G9401y. The Atlantic World, c.1600-1850. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9903x. Gender and Migration: A Global Perspective. 4 pts.

This course explores reasons, from labor-markets and family structure to gender ideologies and religion, for different participation of women and men in migration, both internal and international, during the last two centuries and throughout the world. Also examines gender differences in socio-economic integration in host societies and the impact of migration on the gender systems of countries of origins and reception.

HIST G9912y. Writing History Beyond the Academy. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course looks at "public history." That is to say, the many forms of history which are not primarily the province of academic history: popular "trade" historical writing and publishing; history journalism; the writing and designing of history texts for schools; children's history (ages 6-16); the creation and installation of museum-based history exhibits; television and radio documentaries and history-based feature films.

HIST G8991x or y. Dissertation Prospectus Writing Workshop. 3 pts.

This yearlong workshop is open to all graduate students in history who have finished coursework and expect to take their oral examinations soon. It will meet every two weeks for two hours to discus the structure of a dissertation prospectus, strategies of grant-writing, and, most importantly, successive drafts of individual dissertation prospectuses. Consistent attendance and participation are mandatory.

HIST G8996x-G8997y. Tutorial Readings. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor and advisor's permission. Open only to part-time M.A. students. To register for G8996 and G8997, students must request a section number from the department's graduate secretary.

HIST G8999x or y. Directed Class Readings. 1-4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor and advisor's permission. Students may register for G8999, which represents 4 pts. of graduate colloquium credit, with permission of their adviser. Students then audit a lecture or an undergraduate seminar on a specialized topic, and fulfill the course requirements for G8999 by special arrangement with the instructor. To register for G8999, students must request a section number from the department's graduate secretary.

HIST G9000x or y. Directed Individual Readings. 1-4 pts.

Prerequisite: instructor and department's permission. To register for G9000, students must request a section number from the department's graduate secretary.

HIST G9901x-G9901y. European Research Seminar. 3 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This research seminar is offered for pre-MPhil students in European history who are working or or will be working on a research paper for another colloquium or in an independent study. All students who have not completed their research requirements for the MPhil and who are not enrolled in a 9000-level research seminar that will satisfy their requirements are urged to take the course (early modernists are required to enroll). The seminar will focus on practical matters -- libraries, archives, and primary sources; presentation of bibliographies, research plans, and rough drafts. Students will read the work of others and present their own.

HIST G9990y. Colloquium/Seminar in Teaching.

HIST G9999x-G9999y. Doctoral Seminar. 4 pts.

Prerequisite: instructor and department's permission. Eight points of G9999, Doctoral seminar, are required for the M.Phil. degree. The doctoral seminar, a year-long tutorial of directed reading, prepares the student for the oral examination in subjects. To register for G9999, students must request a section number from the department's graduate secretary.

HIST G8760x. Ecology and Development In Africa Since 1930. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8762y. Disease, Health and Healing In African History Since 1850. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Considers the intersection of western and traditional healers and healing 1860 to the present, with special attention to crises including smallpox, sleeping sickness, influenza and AIDS.

HIST G8763y. Africa, Europe, and New Colonial Histories.. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course aims to provoke a conversation across fields. How do Africanists write colonial history? How do Europeanists? Is it possible to write an 'African' history of European empire, or a 'European' history of colonialism?

HIST G8767y. Key Readings in Women, Gender and Sexuality in African History. 4 pts.

This graduate colloquium will introduce students to the key scholarship on women, gender and sexuality in African history. Readings will include key works on African women's history, gender history, and the history of sexuality. Emphasis will be placed on the theoretical and methodological approaches that have informed the historiography on women, gender, and sexuality in Africa in the last four decades

HIST G9761x-G9762y. Research Seminar In African History: Sources and Methods of African Historiography. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Development of individual topics. Discussion of methods and research tools.

HIST G8701y. Political Islam. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8712x. The U.S., the Middle East, and the Cold War. 4 pts.

This course will examine various answers to these questions, as well as the continuities and disjunctures between these different periods. Specifically, we will look at great power policies in the Middle East until 1917, and attempt to see which constants carried over to the Soviet period and the Cold War. We will also examine the degree to which the United States simply stepped into the shoes of Britain in the Middle East, beginning in 1947. Much of the course will concentrate on the strategic weight attached to the Middle East by great power rivals, and the nature of their interaction with each other and with internal regional dynamics -- nationalism, religion, reform and revolution -- in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods. We will conclude by examining how the collapse of the Soviet Union has changed the situation in the Middle East.

HIST G8713x. Recent Trends in Islamic History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The intent of this course is to introduce graduate students interested in the history of Islam to some of the interpretive problems raised in books on Medieval, Ottoman, and Modern Middle Eastern history published in the 21st century. Each week of the course will focus on a specific book, which will be introduced orally by one or more students (depending on enrollment) and then discussed by the class. Beyond preparing these introductions, each student will be expected to write a 15-20 page term paper on a historiographical, which may be drawn from the readings or from the student's own research.

HIST G9700y. Seminar In Middle Eastern History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9701x. Nationalism in the Arab World. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9702y. Modernization and Other Stories: The Ottoman 18th and 19th Centuries. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9710y. Seminar On Religious Conversion. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Religious conversion as a historical process.

HIST G9712y. Seminar On the History of Islam. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9713y. The Modern History of Palestine. 4 pts.

This seminar will examine problems in the historiography of Palestine from the 19th century until the present. The course will focus primarily on how the modern history of Palestine and the Palestinian people have been understood and written. It will also touch on related topics, including great powerpolicies, the history of Zionism and Israel, inter-Arab politics, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the Arab-Israeli wars.

HSEA G6200x or y. Workshop in East Asian History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This graduate seminar focuses on the substance and practice of history-writing about East Asia. It is intended for, and limited to, Master's candidates in East Asian history in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. Although there is no pre-requisite, some prior knowledge of East Asian history is assumed. Instructor's permission is required for registration.

HSEA G8100y. Ruling Inner Asia From Beijing. 4 pts.

HSEA G8875y. Visual and Material Cultures in China. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HSEA G8880y. Colloquium In Modern Chinese History. 4 pts.

Research in and reading in Chinese history.

HSEA G8883y. Topics In the Middle Period of Chinese History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: Chinese-History G4815-G4816 or the equivalent. Selected problems and controversies in the social and political history of the Sung dynasty, approached through reading and discussion of significant secondary research in English.

HSEA G8885y. The City In Modern China: a Social and Cultural History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Addresses the question of how the Chinese city was imagined and experienced from the late imperial period into the early twentieth-century. We will start by investigating key social, political, and cultural factors that shaped urban life. What did the urban spatial landscape look like, how did changes in media shape communication practices in the city, and in what manner did the vicissitudes of political change at the national level affect life and governance on the civic level?

HSEA G8888y. Chinese Legal History. 3 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

An introduction to Chinese legal history (particularly the Qing period). Issues covered include civil and criminal law, formal and informal justice, law and the family, law and the economy, the search for legal history beyond the law codes, and the question of rule of law in China.

HSEA G9861y. Seminar On Gender and Writing In China and Korea. 4 pts.

HSEA G9871x. Seminar in Western Zhou History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9880x-G9881y. Colloquium-Seminar On the History of Modern China. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission.

HIST G9886y. Seminar In the Sources of Chinese History. 3 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: Chinese G4007-G4008 or the equivalent. Reading and research in a major genre for the history of traditional China. May be repeated for credit.

HSEA G8839y. Colloquium on the History of Modern Japan. 3 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Reading, analysis, and research on modern Japan.

HSEA G8871x or y. Colloquium on the History of Modern Japan. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Reading, analysis, and research on modern Japan.

HSEA G8873y. Japan Before 1600. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8876x or y. History of Early Japan. 3 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8862y. Colloquium On Modern Korean History. 4 pts.

Reading and analysis of major works on Korean history and historiography since the mid-19th century.

HIST G8864y. Research In Korean History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisites: History-Korean W4033 or East Asian W4103. Historiography of East Asia, and instructor's permission.

HIST G8805x. Gender and Empire. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9800x. Advanced Studies In South Asian History, Culture, and Society. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Seminar on late medieval and modern South Asia (from roughly 1600 to the present). Students are expected either to have taken a previous graduate course on South Asia or to have extensive background in South Asian studies. The content changes annually depending on the particular interests of the students and the instructor.

HIST G8001y. Colloquium On Ancient Mesopotamian History: Urban History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Study of the role of the city in ancient Mesopotamian history. Students required to present the archaeological and textual material from a selected city.

HIST G8007. Ancient Greek City to the Time of Marcus Aurelius. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Ancient Greco-Roman civilization was a fundamentally urbanized civilization, and the development, growth, and transformations of the Greek city from the beginnings of urbanization in the 8th and 7th centuries, through the classical cities of the 5th and 4th centuries and the spread of Greek cities throughout the near east after Alexander, to the fully developed cities of late Hellenistic and Roman times, is therefore a subject of great importance for a proper understanding of ancient civilization, and will be the focus of this course.

HIST G8020y. Greek Epigraphy: Historical Uses and Methods. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8022x. War and Society In the Greece. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The dynamic relationship between the evolving ways in which Greek society was structured, and the ways in which the Greeks organized themselves for and conducted warfare at the different stages of their social evolution.

HIST G8024y. Politics, Economy and Society In Greece In the 4th and 3rd Centuries B.C.. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8028y. The Development of the Greek Polis. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The development of the polis or city-state as the dominant socio-political unit in ancient Greece, looking at how and why this development took place and what effect it had on Greek society and culture.

HIST G8030x. Colloquium On Roman History: the Middle Republic. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Problems in the social, political, economic and religious history of the Roman Republic from the 4th century B.C. to 133 B.C. Close attention given to the problems of method.

HIST G8036x or y. Colloquium On Roman History: From Republic To Dictatorship. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission, some knowledge of Latin or Greek. Problems in the history, primarily social and political, of the late Republic and early principate. Special attention will be paid to social structure, to the interaction of imperialism and domestic politics, and to the rise and consolidation of Caesarism. Heavy emphasis on reading the primary sources.

HIST G8038x. Colloquium On Roman History: the Roman Empire, 14-235 a.D.. 4 pts.

HIST G8039y. Readings In Tacitus and His Contemporaries. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Readings in Tacitus and his Contemporaries. The purpose of this course is mainly to help students to learn as rapidly as possible how to translate what is reputed to be some of the most difficult prose in classical Latin (Tacitus himself). We shall read some other texts to get a feel for Tacitus' milieu, and there will be some attention given to Tacitus' historiographical practice, and to the concrete details of Roman life in his time. Recommended reading prior to the course: R. Syme, Tacitus

HIST G8070x. Ancient Mesopotamian History: Urban History. 4 pts.

The course investigates aspects of ancient urbanism through the study of Mesopotamian evidence: origins, social and economic organization, government, urban culture and others. It will investigate topics such as disembedded capitals, consumer cities, city-states and others within the wider context of the Near East, Egypt, and the Classical World.

HIST G9041y. Seminar On Ancient History of the Near East: Imperialism. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Several empires of the ancient Near East studied using a comparative method: the territorial empires of New Kingdom Egypt, of Assyria and Babylonia in the first millennium, and of ancient Persia, and the trade empire of the Phoenicians. Critical assessment of the use of the term empire within ancient Near Eastern history. Determination of the common means of imperial administration and management within these five examples.

HIST G8061y. Topics In Pre-Modern European History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8117y. Knowledge Networks and Information Economies in the Early Modern Period. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course is designed to introduce students to major topics in the developing historical literature on the relationships between intellectual and economic history, centered on Europe's global reach in the first two centuries after Columbus and Da Gama.

HIST G9061x-G9062y. Seminar In the Intellectual History of Europe From 1000 To 1500. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. A two-semester research seminar intended to introduce students to the institutional settings (monasteries, universities, etc.) and the genres (sermons, mystical treatises, scholastic quaestiones, etc.) of medieval intellectual history, and to some creative recent scholarly approaches to this material.

HIST G9067x. Seminar In Medieval Societies and Institutions. 4 pts.

This is a research seminar intended for graduate students in medieval European history; it is open to others with the instructor's permission. The seminar has three goals: 1) to introduce students to research tools and methods for medieval European history; 2) to introduce students to the study of medieval written records (diplomatics); and 3) to guide students in identifying and developing appropriate research topics. The course will focus on medieval Latin documents, although students interested in exploring vernacular documents may do so. Students will be expected to have a good knowledge of medieval history and facility in reading Latin and either French or German.

HIST G9072y. Medieval Science and Society. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Developments in proto-scientific speculation from the 12th century, examined in their social context.

HIST G8102x. European Social History, 1300-1700. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Survey of the major changes in socioeconomic structure and material life between about 1300 and 1700 in Europe; and an examination of principal historiographical debates in social history that have engaged scholars of the last generation.

HIST G8103x. Topics in Early Modern European Cultural and Intellectual History. Not offered in 2009-2010.

What were the institutions, formal and informal, in which knowledge was created, disseminated and policed during the early modern period? How were practical solutions to problems of knowledge found in solutions to problems of order and organization?

HIST G8105x. Early Modern Economic History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8108x or y. British and American History, 1600-1765. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The histories of early modern Britain and early America viewed as an integrated subject. Topics such as slavery and race labor, the economy, imperial government, religion and the landscape from an Atlantic perspective.

HIST G8110y. Intellectual History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Reading and research in Anglo-American and European intellectual history. Case studies drawn from early-modern and modern European and American history.

HIST G8165y. History of Political Economy. 4 pts.

A study of the emergence of political economy in eighteenth-century Britain and France, with a focus on the problematic relationship between economics and politics, and the gradual establishment of economics as a separate field of knowledge. Authors include Hobbes, Locke, Mandeville, Montesquieu, Hume, Rousseau, Smith, Say, and Ricardo.

HIST G8231y. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine, and Muscovy-Russia in the Early Modern Period. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The course examines the polities, societies, and cultures of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Cossack Hetmanate, and Muscovy-Imperial Russia in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Special attention is paid to the interaction of states and the flow of social models and cultural developments. The role of Poland in the "Westernization" of Ukraine and Russia, the relation of Western and Eastern Christianity, the remaking of Eastern Europe by the rise of the Russian Empire, and the relation of the political thought and identities of the period to modern nations are major themes. The course will consist of discussion sessions based on reading of monographs on specific topics. Students will be expected to report on the readings and initiate discussions. A 20 to 25 page paper is required. All readings will be in English.

HIST G8932x. The History and Theory of the Western Market Economy, 1200-1800. 4 pts.

HIST G9101x. Material Culture and the Life of Objects in Early Modern Europe. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9102y. Knowledge in Transit in the Early Modern World. 4 pts.

The commercial and territorial expansion of Europe and the Ottoman Empire and the formation of long-distance trading networks in East and Southeast Asia in the early modern period led to an unprecedented movement of knowledge. This graduate research seminar examines the physical and epistemic travels of various forms of knowledge, including objects, texts, and techniques, in the early modern world.

HIST G9305x-G9306y. Problems In European History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

First-year Master's seminar for graduate students in European history.

HIST U8040x. Americanization and Anti-Americanism. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Admittedly, the terms and concepts of Americanization and Anti-Americanism as two sides of the same coin are vague and can even be concealing of mutuality, yet they signify the pervading impact which the United States has had as a power and culture on the rest of the world, the German-speaking one in particular, and especially since 1945. America's influence on Europe was strongest after World War II and during the heydays of the Cold War. For a while after Hitler's defeat parts of Germany and Austria were occupied and controlled by American forces; in some ways this military occupation still remains at the roots of Americanization as well as Anti-Americanism in that region of Europe.

HIST G8301x. Empire, State and Nation in the Modern World. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This graduate seminar offers a comparative approach to the problem of modern empire and its decline and transition into a world of nation-states. It begins by exploring the conceptual and ideological vocabulary of empire itself, and then surveys a variety of 19th century empires, focusing on their guiding political philosophies, their institutional reformation along lines of faith and/or ethnicity and the impact upon them of two world wars. The imperial models considered include the British, French, Ottoman, Habsburg, Russian, and German variants. Theories of nationalism and internationalism, and the process of decolonisation are also discussed, as is the meaning of empire in the contemporary world. Students must be prepared to read widely across a range of diverse historical case-studies.

HIST G8303y. Secularization and Modern Intellectual History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Taking its inspiration from the challenging contemporary critique of secularism--and the notion of secularization on which it is based--this course follows the theme in modern intellectual history, with emphasis on Europe but some glances to America and South Asia. The course examines both theories of secularization produced by modern intellectuals, and ask whether secularization is something that happens in the theoretical activity of intellectuals themselves.

HIST G8307x. Constructing the Middle Classes: Comparative History of the Bourgeoisie In 19th-Century Europe. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Exploration in comparative perspective of the history of western European middle classes, through study of recent methodological and historiographical debates.

HIST G8310y. Projects and Practices of Colonial Rule in the 20th Century. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Examines how great powers sought to justify, expand, and stabilize their colonial empires in the period after the first World War. We will examine both the rhetorical frameworks through which imperial powers understood and explained their colonial efforts and the practices of international movements and institutions on colonial governance, to colonial legal systems, and economic structures, to conflicts between metropole and colony and to the ways in which colonial governments and administrators reacted to, and learned from, each other across national lines.

HIST G8311x. Introduction To the Literature of European History. 4 pts.

HIST G8319x or y. The Identities of Europe. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Designed to introduce students to classic studies of the problem of "what is Europe," as well as to rapidly evolving debates about defining European identity bound up with recent, rapidly accelerating trends toward regional integration. Classes will focus on three dimensions: first, to works devoted to discovering Europe as an idea and/or a discursive identity, tracing it back to the Middle Ages, if not to antiquity; second, to works devoted to isolating distinguishing features of European civilization; and, third, to works devoted to studying projects and perspectives on European unification in the twentieth century,

HIST G8325x or y. History and Memory In 20th-Century Europe.. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010. Explores the field of History and memory in 20th-century Europe. Focus on theoretical problems, sites and languages of remembering.

HIST G8345x. The Modern State in Theory and Practice. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

With the recent attention to empire, "the state" has tended to recede from view. But the modern state was the vehicle of power and domination for much of the modern period. This course examines the history of the European state in the modern period, looking particularly at its role allocating resources (financial, economic, demographic), managing risk, and reconciling interests.

HIST G8373. History of the Senses in England and France, 1680-1830. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course will trace the evolution of European understandings of common human sensibilities by exploring the production and reception of different forms of art, music, literature, food, and sensual enjoyments. Beginning in the late seventeenth century, new theories of human understanding and sense perception ushered in an openness to defining the senses as determinative of what it meant to be human. Theorists debated the question of whether or not such capacities were linked to moral faculties, social tendencies, or constituted as good in and of themselves. With confidence in the power of reason, Europeans gradually relinquished fears relating to the power of certain senses, entertaining the notion of their potential for beneficial influence. The popularity of novels, enthusiasm for travel, and the development of leisure activities signaled a greater value placed on pleasurable sensations. Yet Europeans nevertheless aimed to redefine rather than erase boundaries inscribed around the use of the senses. Readings will explore a sharpening sense of aesthetic value and the championing of taste, which worked to categorize the experiences generated by the senses. We will also examine cultural activities as they absorbed aspects of national and civic interests, exhibited in the professions of art, music, and literature.

HIST G8380x. Foundations of French Society. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8954x. International Orders 1500-1950. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9201x. East Central Europe in the Cold War, 1945-1991. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The course is based on the results of the instructor's ongoing large scale research project: "Lobbying Allies: The Role of the East-Central European States in the Shaping of East-West Relations, 1945-1991". This research seminar will offer the interested graduate students an opportunity to study the hitherto basically unexplored special role of the Soviet bloc states in the Cold War predominantly on the basis of recently declassified archival documents under the instruction of one of the most experienced researchers in the field in East-Central Europe.

HIST G9305x-G9306y. Problems In European History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Designed for first-year master's students in modern European history.

HIST G9310y. Population Control: Eugenics, Malthusianism, and Migration In the 20th Century. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

In the last century population trends have inspired fears of degeneration, political upheaval, global climate change and drastically reduced biodiversity. Yet the very idea of instituting policies and programs to shape reproductive behavior has aroused the religious and embroiled science, pitted governments against non-governmental organizations, and occasioned rancor within and between the feminist, environmentalist, and Third World solidarity movements. Students explore this history by reading some of the most innovative work in the field and writing a 25-35-page research paper. A particular emphasis will be placed on tapping the wealth of material available in local archives - including the United Nations Archive, the Rockefeller Archive Center, and the Ford Foundation Library - as well collaborative research and peer criticism.

HIST G9311y. Writing British History: Research Seminar. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9360x or y. The Making of the British Empire. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010. Political, economic, and cultural origins and development of the British Empire from the 16th century to the end of the Seven Years' War, treated from the perspective of the metropolis. The formation of imperial and national identities; the creation of an imperial economy; war, empire and state-building in Britain; empire and popular politics; Scotland, Ireland and empire; the constitutional construction of empire; and the ideological origins of the British Empire.

HIST G9363y. Europe in the 1940s. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9900y. Advanced Research Seminar. 4 pts. Designed to assist second and third-year modern European history students to prepare and defend their dissertation proposals. Students take G9900 third term and continue it through the third year, as they identify a topic, draw up a research design, present drafts to the seminar, and finally, defend the proposal before the dissertation committee. Meetings are of two types: (1) to present students with materials useful to shaping topics of research and introduce them to grant sources and notions of publishing their work; (2) to present work-in-progress and provide critiques of each others' work.

HIST G8205y. History of East-West RElations in Europe, 1945-1991. 4 pts.

This course will give an exciting opportunity to the students to study the history of East-West relations in the Cold War period ont he basis of recently declassified archival documents with the help of one of the most experienced researchers in the field.

During the colloquium we will examine the origins of the Cold War and the still much debated process of the Sovietization of Eastern Europe. The detente process emerging in the middle of the 1950s will be presented by a new approach as well as the analysis of the different types of international crises during the Cold War will show that some of the most spectacular crises of the era were in reality not genuine East-West conflicts. Due attention will be paid to NATO and the Warsaw Pact as institutions of foreign policy coordination, as well as to the German question and European security. The last classes will be devoted to the analysis of the transformations of East-West relations in the Gorbachev era and to the end of the Cold War.

The colloquium will be based predominately on the findings of the "new Cold War history" with a special focus on the policy of the Eastern Bloc. Besides studying readings from the most up to date literature on the topic, during the course students will extensively use and analyze published and unpublished archival documents from the former Soviet Bloc states.

HIST G8210y. Topics In European History: Communism In East Central Europe. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8216x. Topics In Eastern European History.. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8220x-G8221y. Empire and Nation In Russian and Soviet Empire. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Required for all students in Russian and East Central European history. First semester introduces general approaches to the problem of empire and nation and to the extensive scholarly literature on the Russian empire in particular. Students work out research topics in consultation with instructors that should lead to a Master's essay or Ph.D. thesis, and present their work in draft in the second semester.

HIST G8223x or y. Core Colloquium On Imperial Russian Institutions. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Readings in the historiography, monographs, and sources pertaining to the institutional and social problems of Russia in the 18th century.

HIST G8224x-G8225y. Colloquium On Soviet Social History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. The impact of industrialization, collectivization, urbanization, and the purges; social mobility; and problems of the Soviet intelligentsia, 1917 to the present.

HIST G8228x. Core Colloquium On Russia, 1855-1905. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8230xy. Colloquium On Germany and East Central Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8232x or y. Germany and East Central Europe In WW II. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. The history of German penetration into Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Greece. Economic, political and military conquest, collaboration, the final solution of the Jewish question, resistance, Soviet penetration, the expulsion of the German population, and creation of people's democracies.

HIST G8235y. Islam Across Eurasia. 4 pts.

This course examines interactions between Russia and Islam that in the wake of Russian imperial expansion manifested themselves in a multiplicity of ethnic and local cultures, traditions and ways of life, including political and social structures. Reflected in the imperial discourse, the ambiguities of these interactions shaped and reshaped the boundaries between the two. This course thus is designed to challenge the adopted "truths" about "colonialism", "religious fundamentalism", and "Islam". Although it gives a historical overview of the spreading of Islam and expansion of Russian rule in Central Asia and the Caucasus, the focus of this overview will be on interactions between regional Islams and colonial policies and their oftentimes unpredictable outcomes. A closer focus on the dynamics of the shifting Russian/Muslim boundaries/identities that continue to outline the major stages in Eurasian history will be a major theme of our discussions. The course is open to both undergraduate and graduate students.

HIST G8245x. New Approaches to Central European History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8445x or y. Core Colloquium: Legacies of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Harriman Institute certificate candidates will have priority. Colloquium to acquaint students with themes and texts that address aspects of the legacies of the Russian Imperial and Soviet traditions that continue to shape contemporary political, economic, social, and cultural processes in the post-Soviet states.

HIST G8445x. Legacies of Russia, Empire, Soviet Union. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9222x or y. Myth, Ritual and the Representation of Authority. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

A comparative examination of political myth, ritual, ceremonial texts and other forms of representation, as means to establish political authority, from the 16th to the early 20th century.

HIST G8600x or y. Colloquium On Popular Religion of Ashkenazic Jewry, 1600-1800. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8601y. Founding Fathers and Sabra Sons: Generational Change and Continuity. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Israel's Founding Fathers attempted to create a "New Jew". Were they successful? The worldview of fathers and sons, their attitudes to the Jewish people, Zionism, the Arabs, culture and society will be juxtaposed. Ben Gurion, Berl Katznelson, Y.H. Brenner and other leaders and cultural heroes born and educated in Europe will serve as models of the immigrant generation. Yigal Alon, Moshe Dayan, and their compatriots will serve as models of the native sons.

HIST G8607x. Modern Jewish Politics. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8616y. The Communal Life of American Jews. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Considers the changes that occurred in the group life of American Jews concentrating on the years from 1860 to 1950 and the strategies of group maintenance in religion, politics and Zionism; the changing relation to world Jewry and the evolving character of communal polity.

HIST G8626x. Periodization In Jewish History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Required of all graduate students in Jewish history. Qualified undergraduates with fluency in medieval and modern Hebrew may be admitted with the instructor's permission. The problem of periodization of Jewish history as reflected in traditional Jewish sources.

HIST G8636y. Immigration and Acculturation: the American Jewish Experience, 1880-1950. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Colloquium on the mass migration of Jews from Eastern Europe to the U.S., the social and cultural integration and the evolution of American Jewish life as we know it today.

HIST G8643x. Hasidic Literature. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9020x or y. Seminar: Job and Other Arguments With the Lord In Jewish Literature and Tradition. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The challenge of human suffering to divine justice as expressed in Jewish literature from the Bible to Franz Kafka, including Talmud and Midrash, medieval Hebrew poetry and exegesis, Hassidic parable, modern Yiddish and Hebrew literature. Toward the end, and against the background, an attempt at a fresh understanding of certain aspects of Kafka's The Trial.

HIST G9130y. The Jewish Book in the Early Modern World. 4 pts.

This course will situate the Jewish book in the context of the theoretical and historical literature on the history of the book: notions of orality and literacy, text and book, authors and readers, print and manuscript, literacy and gender, the book trade and its role in the circulation of people and ideas. It opens with the history of Jewish texts and literacy in the gradual introduction of print. We follow print and scribal culture through the migrations of early modern Jewry as well as the repercussions of destruction and suppression in some places, openness and opportunity in others.

HIST G9600x. Hebrew Chronicles of Martyrdom and Massacre, I. the Crusade Chronicles. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Required of all graduate students in Jewish history. A one-year seminar divided into two parts. For the autumn term, close textual and contextual study of the four Hebrew chronicles of the devastation of Jewish communities during the 1st and 2nd Crusades, as well as other primary sources of the period. Focus is not only on the chronicles as historical sources, but on questions of genre, mentality, and relation to liturgical-poetic laments and Memorbücher.

HIST G9604y. Seminar On Sources of Jewish History: Impact of the Spanish Expulsion. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Texts and documents on the formation of the Sephardic Diaspora and on the intellectual and spiritual repercussions of the Spanish expulsion in the 16th century.

HIST G9606x or y. Sources of Jewish History: Messianic and Sectarian Movements, 7th To 16th Centuries. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Messianic activism and sectarianism, and the problem of medieval Jewish communal control and authority. Required of all graduate students in Jewish history.

HIST G9608y. Jewish Historiography In the 16th Century. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Required of all graduate students in Jewish history. Qualified undergraduates with fluency in medieval and modern Hebrew may be admitted with the instructor's permission. The renaissance of Jewish historical writing in the 16th century as a case study in Jewish attitudes to history and historiography.

HIST G9620y. Traditionalist Responses To Modernity. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010. Prerequisites: Reading knowledge of Hebrew.

An analysis of the responses of traditional Jewries in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe to the various forms and manifestations of "modernity" in their midst from the beginning of the 18th century to WWI. Sources will include polemical, homiletical, legal, and memoir literature.

HIST G9635x. Power and Authority in the History of Eastern European Jewry. 4 pts.

The goal of this seminar is to examine the different forms of power and authority which shaped Jewish society and culture in Eastern Europe in the modern period. This will be done through the close reading of primary sources, as far as possible in the original languages. Each topic, therefore, will be discussed in a short introductory lecture, an analysis of the research literature, and a detailed reading of a set of primary sources. Particular emphasis will be placed on the different methodologies involved in reading the range of sources which will be introduced during the semester.

HIST G8663x. Historiography of Latin America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This graduate colloquium will introduce students to the literature of colonial Latin American history, from narrative and institutional history to social history, and then on to ethno-history and gender history. Both early and recent books will be discussed, together with the latest debates in the field.

HIST G8664y. Historiography of Latin America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This graduate colloquium will introduce students to the literature of modern Latin American history, discussing both recent and early books. Readings will include examples of the most important areas of research in the region, with an emphasis on the diversity of approaches that has characterized the historiography on post-independence Latin America in the last twenty years, from political history to studies of culture and economic development.

HIST G8911y. Histories of teh Public Sphere in Latin America. 4 pts.

This colloquium will examine the historical literature on the public sphere, particularly in Europe, Latin America and the United States. We will examine uses of the category in studies that deal with intellectual debates, cultural processes, elite and popular politics, and the shifting boundaries of public and private life. Thus, discussions will stress criticisms of Jurgen Habermas' model from the perspective of gender, non-European societies, popular cultures, and class analysis.

HIST G9660x. Introduction To Documentary Analysis In Colonial Latin America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission.

HIST G9661y. Latin American Master's Seminar II. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Introduction to Latin American historiography and methods based on analysis of primary sources.

HIST G9662y. The Knowledge of Informal Empire: The History of US-Latin American Cultural Relations. 4 pts.

This seminar examines the cultural interactions between the United States and Latin America during the period 1890-1960. The history of US foreign policy towards Latin America is not sufficient to understand the processes of mutual construction of difference in the Americas. In order to do so, we need to study a vast and complex system of representations that resulted from multiple encounters and inquiries that attempted to reduce, stylize, and dissect "Latin America" in order to "deal" with it. Travel narratives, films, journalistic coverage, business guides, and expert diagnoses by economists, physicians, geographers, archaeologists, and political scientists contributed not only to incorporate South or Latin America into the sphere of visibility of the American public-reader, but also presented a formidable opportunity for humanists and social scientists to expand the frontiers of knowledge. Collecting and assimilating information about the world south of the Rio Grande river was part of a gigantic knowledge adventure that I call "the enterprise of knowledge." This collective endeavor at the same time subalternized Latin or South America and built a solid and renewed interest in the US for both business and knowledge ventures. The seminar presents students with some of my writings, which will be part of a book in process, titled "United States Strategies for Understanding South America."

HIST G9664y. Mexican Politics in the Twentieth Century. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8000y. US Higher Education: History and Prospects. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8402x. Topics in 20th Century History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8403y. Readings in Colonial American History. 4 pts.

HIST G8405y. U.S. Cultural and Intellectual History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Research Seminar in U.S. Intellectual History.

HIST G8407y. Colloquium On Early America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Introduces recent problems and enduring issues in early American history. Students will be expected to learn three things: chronology (the basic timeline and narrative of historical developments), major events and historical watersheds, and critical analysis of the major works and themes in the field.

HSLW G8408y. Law and Nationhood in US History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Readings course in the relationship between law and nationhood in the history of the United States. The course aims to provide graduate students with an introduction to the literature on the history of American law and to relate that literature to American nationhood. Special attention will be paid to the place of the United States and international law.

HIST G8410y. Colonial and Revolutionary America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8411y. Citizenship and National Identity in U.S. History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course explores the ways that American national identity and citizenship have been legally, politically, and culturally construed at different moments in US history. It examines juridical and social categories of belonging to the American nation and the political, legal, and cultural contestations over inclusion and exclusion that have turned on property-holding, race, gender, and alienage.

HIST G8430. Religion and the Writing of 20th Century American History. 4 pts.

This course seeks to introduce graduate students to a variety of ways in which religion is deployed as an analytical category in 20th century American history. What do we mean by religion? What is the heuristic value of such a category? This course will introduce students to the theoretical innovations in the field of contemporary religion and to suggest ways that the study of religion intersects, intervenes, and complicates the fields of American urban, cultural, and political history.

HIST G8500x. Methodology and Historiography of United States History. 4 pts.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Required of all first-year students in American history. Open to history graduate students only.

**formerly titled "Literature of American History"

HIST G8509x or y. Politics, Society, and Culture In 18th-Century America. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. The development of provincial society, beginning with the political and cultural crises of the late 17th century. Synthesis of recent literature on historical demography, legal change, and town and provincial politics. Emphasis on elite and mass cultural response: witchcraft and revivalism; Anglicization and the search for gentility.

HIST G8515x or y. Colloquium On the American Revolution. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. The development of political thought in England and America in the revolutionary era through the study of original sources. Whig constitutionalism and popular radicalism are analyzed, with an emphasis on theory and practice in the new states before the adoption of the Federal Constitution.

HIST G8530x. Colloquium On the Civil War and Reconstruction. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Prerequisite: instructor's permission. Colloquium on the Civil War and Reconstruction. The Civil War and the crisis of Reconstruction. Emphasis on the implications of Emancipation for American history and the social and political struggle over Reconstruction.

HIST G8538x. The South After Reconstruction. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The period of Southern history between the end of Reconstruction and World War I, during which the foundation was laid for a Southern Order more durable than any of its predecessors - either the Old South of King Cotton, the Confederate South of the Civil War era, or the Republican south of the Reconstruction.

HIST G8547x. Colloquium In the History of Women and Gender. 4 pts.

Intensive reading and discussion course designed to critically analyze some of the major themes and newest scholarship in women's and gender history.

HIST G8550x. Black BioPower: Science, Health, Politics, and Popular Movements in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. 4 pts.

This course will provide historical background to one of the most pressing issues in contemporary United States politics (indeed, a problem which now faces most developed countries): the problem of health maintenance. The main focus will be on post-WWII urban political economy and topics to be considered will include the distribution of health care and health burdens, disparities in health, the formation of social movements around health issues, the geography of health and illness, urban land use policy, environmental justice, the politics of stigma and exclusion, statistical methodologies (and controversies) in historical perspective, racial classification, informed consent (or lack thereof), and HIV/AIDS. Readings will be interdisciplinary, emerging from the fields and disciplines of political science, sociomedical science, sociology, anthropology, historical epidemiology, ethnographic community psychiatry, and others.

HIST G8560x or y. American Consumer Capitalism: 1800-Present. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Seminar studies the history of consumer capitalism in America from the early 19th century to the present; it establishes when capitalism emerged, what it meant, and how it challenged and transformed American civilization.

HIST G8562x. Americans and the Natural World. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8567y. America Between the Wars, 1920-1945. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The traditional issues of this era's historiography: the political economy of the 1920s, the Great Depression, the New Deal, and WW II. The integration of those events with the social and cultural history of the time and consideration of the influence of class, race, ethnicity, and gender on both society and politics.

HIST G8570y. Black Leadership In American Politics. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G8572y. Race and Public Health In the United States. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Offers varying interpretations of the history of race and public health in the United States. Students will examine issues dealing with epidemic and chronic disease, substance abuse, public health policy, and urban politics, among others. The texts selected in no way represent the full spectrum of this history - the field has grown rapidly in the past decade. Rather than a "comprehensive knowledge" of race and public health in the United States, a grasp of historical methods will be gained through the readings. In this sense, students will end the semester well prepared to tackle problems pertaining not only to public health, but to larger policy issues as well.

HIST G8590x. A Social History of American Public Health. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Provides students with a historical understanding of the role public health practice has played in American history during the 19th and 20th centuries. The underlying assumptions are that disease, and the ways we define disease, are simultaneously reflections of social and cultural values, as well as important factors in shaping those values.

HIST G8592x or y. Social History of Medicine. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

The seminar is designed to introduce graduate students in history and in public health to the social history of medicine. The particular focus will be on the idea and practice of medicine as a profession, with frequent reference to sociological concepts and to the American experience in the 19th and 20th century.

HIST G8598x. Property In the 20th-Century United States. 4 pts.

HIST G8918y. United States Empire. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

United States expansion from continental conquest through the early 20th-century colonialism. This growing empire will be examined in the context of comparative and global histories of colonialism and from the perspectives of colonized peoples.

HIST G8924. Resistance and the Black Atlantic. 4 pts.

This course investigates in-depth the significance of resistance among African-descended communities in the Anglophone, Francophone, Hispanophone and Lusophone Atlantic World from approximately 1700-1950. We will examine the genesis of resistance as it affected key historical transformations such as slavery and abolition, labor and migration, and transatlantic political organizing. The class will explore various forms of resistance to racial epistemologies, racialized labor regimes, and gendered discourses that formed a continuum of cultural and political opposition to oppression among Black Atlantic communities. The course will also reflect on how resistance plays a central role in the formation of individual and collective identities among black historical actors. Resistance will be explored as a critical category of historical analysis, and a central aspect in the making of the "Black Atlantic."

HIST G8970y. The American Century': US Internationalism, 1918-1975.. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

A seminar which traces American debates about the international system and the place of the USA within it from the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson to the aftermath of the Vietnam wars. In particular, it explores the intellectual, institutional and ideological background to changes in foreign policy as the USA rose to Superpower status and assumed a global role.

HIST W9402y. History of American Women and Gender. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This course is designed to help you produce a research paper on a topic of your choice concerning the history of women and/or gender. Weekly discussions based on the close reading of a few articles will introduce you to research methodologies, interpretive frameworks and source materials in the field. In-class critiques of each other's papers will provide a forum for learning to give and receive useful advice. The course is open to PhD candidates in History; other students may register by permission.

HIST G9440y. Social History and the History of Private Life. 4 pts.

The purpose of this research seminar is to give graduate students the opportunity to do history: to conduct original research using primary sources, to engage in historiographical debate, to revise work in response to external criticism, and to produce an original essay of publishable quality. The class's major outcome will be a 30-page analytical essay, based no archival sources, on a topic in social history or the history of private life. In addition, there will be intensive discussion about locating, evaluating, and interpreting primary sources; historical methodologies and the application of theory to historical research and writing; the construction, organization, and framing of historical narratives; and innovative approaches to social history and the history of private life, including the history of the emotions, the senses, sexuality, leisure, ritual, personal and social life, fashion and popular culture.

HIST G9502y. 20th-Century U.S. Intellectual-Cultural History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Research Seminar in U.S. Intellectual History.

HIST G9530y. Seminar In 19th-Century U.S. History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Research and reading in 19th-century American history.

HIST G9560y. 20th-Century American History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Teaches writing serious research papers in various areas of 20th-century American history, based on primary sources.

HIST G9570y. Seminar In American Urban History. 4 pts.

Introduces advanced graduate students to the major debates, trends, and methodologies which have engaged urban and social historians over the past quarter century.

HIST G9580y. Seminar On African-American History. 4 pts.

Research in African-American history from the colonial period to the late 20th century.

HIST G9581y. African-American History 1890-1945. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

HIST G9586y. American Women's History. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

Students will research and write a 30-page paper on a topic of their choosing related to the history of women in the United States. Students will meet weekly as they select and refine their topics, explore relevant secondary literature, identify primary sources on which their paper can be based, and write their papers. With the help of reference librarians in Butler library they will become proficient in a variety of research methods, and, working with others in the course, they will develop their skills as editors. Part of each week's class will be reserved for the presentation of work-in-progress and the discussion of problems students are encountering in their research. By the end of the term, each student will submit an essay suitable for submission to a scholarly journal.

HIST G9920x. Oral History: Method and Theory. 4 pts. Not offered in 2009-2010.

This seminar is a four credit interdisciplinary research seminar open to graduate students. The seminar is organized as a combination of research, fieldwork, and a review of the theoretical literature of oral history. Students will complete a full length interview, and write an analysis of the interview, as well as listening to each other's interviews and evaluating them. Topics in the seminar covered in the readings will include the history of oral history, historical research, memory, interviewing methodologies, ethics and the representation and interpretation of oral sources. Students will be encouraged to conduct interviews that further their own academic research. This year the course will include a new media component using audio and video, supported by the Center for New Media Teaching and Learning.